1 Samuel 12:5

Authorized King James Version

And he said unto them, The LORD is witness against you, and his anointed is witness this day, that ye have not found ought in my hand. And they answered, He is witness.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#2
אֲלֵיהֶ֜ם
near, with or among; often in general, to
#3
עֵֽד׃
He is witness
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
#4
יְהוָ֣ה
unto them The LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#5
בָּכֶ֗ם
H0
#6
עֵֽד׃
He is witness
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince
#7
מְשִׁיחוֹ֙
against you and his anointed
anointed; usually a consecrated person (as a king, priest, or saint); specifically, the messiah
#8
הַיּ֣וֹם
this day
a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an asso
#9
הַזֶּ֔ה
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
#10
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#11
לֹ֧א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#12
מְצָאתֶ֛ם
that ye have not found
properly, to come forth to, i.e., appear or exist; transitively, to attain, i.e., find or acquire; figuratively, to occur, meet or be present
#13
בְּיָדִ֖י
in my hand
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
#14
מְא֑וּמָה
ought
properly, a speck or point, i.e., (by implication) something; with negative, nothing
#15
וַיֹּ֖אמֶר
And he said
to say (used with great latitude)
#16
עֵֽד׃
He is witness
concretely, a witness; abstractly, testimony; specifically, a recorder, i.e., prince

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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